If we at SpicyIP ever needed validation of the strength of the blog and its wide readership, we just received it from the most unlikely sources – NATCO, a generic pharmaceutical company which sued Shamnad on the 13th of August, 2012 for allegeddefamation and libel with regard to certain statements he made on SpicyIP regarding its litigation strategy with BMS. The news has been reported in Legally India, Bar and Bench and LAOT.
With specific reference to SpicyIP, NATCO states in its plaint (which can be accessed over here) at para 3 that “The said blog is widely read by those in the industry in India and abroad, professionals and a substantial portion of the public”. Once again, in para 13, NATCO states “The blog spicyip.com is read by a large number of people in the media, people of the industry and the professionals in the industry. The comments and remarks made on the blog have a deep impact on the reputation and image of the Plaintiff in the eyes of the public.” Honestly, I don’t think even the Managing IP write-upon us, last year, was quite so flattering.
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What intrigues me is the sheer shabbiness with which the plaint has been drafted, given that a lot is at stake for Natco. It alleges a defamation cause of action but does not substiantiate it. Rather it goes on to focus more on “contempt”, despite the fact that what has been filed against Shamnad is not a contempt petition. Also, consider the prayer in the lawsuit which asks the court to restrain the ‘defendants, its agents, directors’ etc. etc. Last I checked, Shamnad was one person not two and he definitely does not have any agents or directors. I know, gaffes such as this are passé in most courts in India but these are the small things which appear to suggest sheer legal callousness.
This lawsuit against Shamnad is nothing short of an attack on our constitutionally guaranteed right to free speech and expression and a blatant attempt to force self-censorship amongst bloggers, newspapers and other members of media. The corporate mentality in such cases is to sue the financially weaker party with a hope to drain them in a legal battle and thereby make an example out of such a party for daring to disagree with NATCO. Even a losing verdict for companies like NATCO is of no consequence to them as long as they can force free-thinkers to self-censor under threat of lawsuits. Their strategy appears to be working since very few media outlets have reported this cowardly law suit. And even those that reported it did so rather cautiously without highlighting the free speech issues (with the sole exception of Nick Robinson’s post hereat Law and Other Things) which warned of the serious consequences that this law suit could have for free speech.
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A. On the defamation issue
In order to establish defamation, NATCO will have to establish that the statement made by Shamnad is false, that such false statement was published and that it has suffered damages as a result of such a statement. Let’s examine these constituent elements of a defamation action in conjunction with the facts laid out in NATCO’s plaint:
(i) The statement in question and its publication: NATCO has taken issue with two different posts put up by Shamnad on July 31st(available over here) and August 2nd (available over here).
In the first post Shamnad had pointed out how NATCO had launched a generic version of BMS’s patented drug Dastinib – despite making a denial, on oath, in para 29 of its written statement in the infringement suit, of any intention to launch a generic version of Dastinib.
The relevant line from NATCO’s pleadings reads as follows: “It is denied that the Defendants intend to launch a generic version of Dasatinib under the name Dasanat.” An order of the Delhi High Court in June, 2012 mandated that NATCO be bound by the statement that it had made in its WS particularly in paras 26, 27 and 29. This effectively amounts to an injunction against Natco from doing anything that goes against its own undertaking in the earlier pleadings (particularly para 29).
A second order in June, 2012 restrained NATCO from “manufacturing and selling the product which infringes the plaintiffs patent in any manner”. After this NATCO, in a reply to a contempt petition filed by BMS, stated that “that the suit filed by the Plaintiffs was itself premature in that it was filed when the Defendant had only applied for marketing license which activity is permissible in law.”
If NATCO was actively applying for a marketing licence, why exactly did it make a denial on oath in its written statement of any intention to launch a generic version of Dastinib? Or is Natco claiming that the drug is a new one altogether? In which case, how on earth did it get approval from the Uttarkhand state authority for a generic drug. Natco will have to answer to all of this in the days to come. And I will personally investigate this regulatory angle in the days to come.
Shamnad had commented on this very obvious contradiction in NATCO’s stand when he stated in his August 2nd post that “Natco admitted (albeit indirectly) that it had lied in its response to BMS’s quia timet law suit, wherein BMS approached the Delhi High Court in 2009, apprehending imminent infringement of its patent covering Dasatinib, an anti- cancer drug.”
Apart from this qualified statement, Shamnad had also expressed his opinion on how NATCO had been reckless in its legal strategy to make such contradictory statements when it was under no obligation to have made such statements and that it had opened itself to possible perjury charges since statements in the written statement are made on oath. A key point that he had also commented on was the fact that NATCO’s actions may have amounted to bad faith and how such bad faith may prove prejudicial to NATCO.
In its plaint, in the present defamation suit, NATCO has neither expressly denied any of the statements made by Shamnad nor has it provided an alternative explanation as to why Shamnad’s statement are allegedly defamatory; instead it focusses on how these statements lowered NATCO’s reputation in the eyes of the general public. Well if the statements are true, you can’t just sue somebody for pointing out your faults to a larger audience.
How do you file an action for defamation without explaining how any of the alleged defamatory statements are false? How does NATCO expect to succeed without establishing this threshold issue in a defamation action? If any of you can point me to this, I’d be grateful.
(ii) Has NATCO suffered damages due to Shamnad’s statement: In para 18 of its plaint, NATCO states that as a result of Shamnad’s post on the blog, a number of newspapers carried stories based on his comments and that “the media has published such incorrect articles and in this manner a completely negative image about the Plaintiff has been spread among the public and the patients.”
The plaint further states that after publication of the articles on SpicyIP and the newspapers, several officials from the Government of India, other bodies, doctors and patients had called up NATCO to enquire as to how it could ‘indulge in such malpractices’. NATCO fails to give any details on these individuals. The damage as alleged by NATCO would arise from the faith of patients in their product being shaken resulting in BMS profiting.
The plaint fails to explain how exactly the ‘faith-shaking’ was going to happen and the connection between the ‘faith-shaking’ and Shamnad’s statement.
Conclusion on the defamation issue: As is obvious from above, NATCO has failed to establish how Shamnad’s statements were false and also how such statements caused it any damage whatsoever. In short, NATCO has failed all the requirements for establishing defamation. In these circumstances this suit should be thrown out at the very threshold since it fails to establish a relevant cause of action for a defamation suit.
B. Right to Free Speech and the tort of defamation: I’ve been following the comments on this case on some of the other websites and I’m really quite surprised at just how confused most people appear to be on the exact scope of their right to free speech.
Under my right to free speech, I have right to call a company’s legal strategy foolhardy, reckless, stupid, idiotic – that is my opinion. Similarly I also have a right to claim that based on facts set out in court pleadings, a party has mispresented or lied to the court. Again that is my opinion based on a certain set of facts. It becomes defamation only when I state blatant factual mistruths – for e.g. that a patent has been revoked by a court of law when I know for a matter of fact that the patent has in fact not been revoked by a court of law or that regulatory approval has been granted through corrupt means, when I have no proof of corruption. The law of defamation applies to only factually incorrect statements which cause damage to a particular party.
In the impugned posts, Shamnad has exercised his right to free speech to express his opinion on what he thought of NATCO’s legal strategy and of their mispresentation to the court. If NATCO doesn’t like it – tough luck, go complain to Ambedkar for inserting strong fundamental rights in the Constitution. NATCO can sue Shamnad for defamation only for factually inaccurate statements. As I have shown earlier, they have not been able to establish a single statement which is factually inaccurate or obviously wrong.
Despite the main cause of action being alleged defamation the pleadings filed by NATCO detail a long rant on not only alleged contempt of court by commenting on sub-judice matters but also alleged breach of confidentiality of court pleadings. It really befuddles me as to how Natco claims “contempt” in a defamation suit. All their arguments on sub-judice and the allegedly wrongful procurement of court papers are therefore not germane to the issue and need not even be considered by the court. Nonetheless, I will deal with them below to show how they lack teeth.
B. On privileged and confidential pleadings and commenting on subjudice proceedings
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In its plaint Natco argues that the media ought not to be able to comment on cases which are sub-judice and that pleadings filed in court are confidential and privileged. In pertinent part, NATCO states “It is further submitted that Defendant has not only commented on the proceedings which are sub-judice before this Hon’ble Court but also proceeded to upload the pleadings……..” and then “thus making the pleadings available to the public, when these are highly privileged and confidential documents ordinarily not available to public until the matter is disposed of finally”.
Since when did court pleadings become highly privileged & confidential documents? What is so secretive about this patent infringement law suit that raises important issues of public interest around drug patents and the alleged exploitation, in an article by the ET, of regulatory loopholes.
The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, especially Section 153B, states “The place in which any Civil Court is held for the purpose of trying any suit shall be deemed to be an open Court, to which the public generally may have access so far as the same can conveniently contain them”. So is NATCO really trying to argue that a citizen can go and sit in Court and take notes of the proceedings and hear arguments (presumably based on pleading), but not access or share the said pleadings?
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I think it’s a silly argument to claim that court documents are privileged and confidential without pointing to the legislation or the precedent which vests such rights in court pleadings. In any case, I spoke to Shamnad on this aspect, and he mentioned that he procured the documents from the plaintiff in the case, BMS. It is fairly common for media outlets to write to parties in a litigation asking for court documents and there is nothing in the law prohibiting this. In any case, how does it matter from where the court documents were procured? Since this is an action for defamation, the only issue for consideration is: did any of the statements made by Shamnad amount to an obvious falsity. Or was it predicated on concrete facts laid out in the pleadings?
The arguments on the point of sub-judice are equally silly – NATCO claims that Shamnad has been writing about NATCO’s suit with BMS so as to deliberately “subvert the course of justice with an intent to influence and interfere with the course of the proceedings so as to benefit Bristol Myers Squibb and cause harm and prejudice the Plaintiff Company.” The rule of maintaining deathly silence on sub-judice cases evolved during the time of jury trials and are irrelevant to countries like India which did away with the jury system ages ago. The rule never applied to cases being tried only by judges for the simple reason that judges are presumed to be insulated from the opinions of the media. NATCO’s assertion in its plaint creates the assumption that judges of the Delhi High Court decide cases after reading SpicyIP. Does NATCO really have such little faith in the judges of the Delhi High Court? Why does it assume that a post on SpicyIP would “subvert the course of justice”?What makes the whole affair sillier is the fact that NATCO’s prayer, does not claim any relief on these grounds – all the prayers in the plaint relate to the allegedly defamatory remarks. Why then waste time on make such silly arguments regarding sub-judice & privilege, if they have no bearing on your final prayers?
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Conclusion:
This is not the first time a corporation like NATCO has attempted to muzzle the free press and it is definitely not going to be the last time. Rest assured that we will provide all support to Shamnad to strongly contest this case and defend our right to free speech. The folks at NATCO are seriously mistaken if they think that this will shut us up. This case also raises larger issues about the exploitation of regulatory loopholes, as attested in this Parliamentary report and I for one will personally investigate these issues in the days to come.
P.S: Although we’ve stressed time and again on this blog that posts are to be attributed only to individual authors and not to the blog, let me stress again that this blog post was written by me personally and should not be attirbuted to any other other members of the blog.
Prashant’s already stated that the contents of the post are his personal views and not the blog’s. I’d like to make it clear that personally, I too completely agree with the points he’s shared in this post.
Hello Swaraj,
Do you know when the suit will be listed before the Delhi High Court? Would be fun to watch.
Sorry, my previous comment was addressed to Prashant.
I am a regular reader of your blogs. I have enjoyed every bit of the blog today. I kept on reading it till I finished such a long blog. To my memory this is the longest of all the blogs ever at spicy.ip
I fully agree with Prashant.
I have hurriedly gone through the plaint. The valuation done is not proper. The reliefs claimed are four while the valuation has been done for two reliefs, even though in valuation in sub para a) it has been stated for “each injunction/relief” but the other language used in sub para a) does not support the language used in relief clause. I know this is a minor thing, but then I thought I must point out the poor drafting. The major flaw in the drafting has already been pointed out by Prashant when he states about the relief being sought against defendant “its agents, directors, officers, partners, servants, associates, representatives, attorneys and all others acting on behalf….” I wonder why has the draftsman left the “parents, legal heirs, friends, neighbors” and so on.
One thing I would like to point out. In future if you have to give link to the pleadings, kindly do not scan the urgent application, notice of motion, index etc. These things take lot of space. They are unnecessary.
I Agree with Prashanth on how badly the plaint was drafted by Natco Counsel. From the scanned copy of the plaint i understand that Gaurav Barathi is representing both the plaintiff and defendant. In one place it says Gaurav Barathi (COUNSEL FOR THE PLAINTIFF) For GLA Law Offices, and the other it says Gaurav Barathi, For GLA Law Office, Advocates for the Defendants.
Raju
What happened to , “matter is sub judice”? The verdict is here.
Who said the first plaint is the only document which could be filed by the applicant and it cannot be revised/amended? What about answer to counterclaims? Why cannot we wait? All plaints (Yes, all) plaints, if subjected to public scrutiny will produce inherent deficiencies, but does that mean that the counsel is not qualified?
Has the leaving of Shamnad from Spicyip anything to do with this plaint?
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Anony1
There might be much more behind this than can be seen. Why would a company like Natco bothered with what a blog says? Natco might have been forced to take this step egged on by corrupt officials in the IPO.
Very Funny. Painful because it comes from fellow students of India’s premier law schools. Just for the record: Defamation DOESNOT need that the statement be factually incorrect.
“Defamation may include any disparaging statement made by one person about another, which is communicated or published, whether true or false, depending on legal state. In Common Law, though, usually a requirement that this claim be false and that the publication is communicated to someone other than the person defamed (the claimant)”
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Anony1
Last I checked, students of India’s premier law schools were confident enough to leave their comments under their own names.
Prashant
You need to check again. In any case this is not anonymous, but anony1.
You may wish to check with Shamnad.
By the way, are you revising your ‘judgment’ on the above in light of your ‘understanding’ of ‘defamation’?
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Anony1
This comment has been removed by the author.
Well I checked with Shamnad and after several rounds of deliberation we concluded that Anonymous and Anony1 was the same person masquerading as a law student or graduate from a premier law school in India. Like I said earlier, if you were from a premier law school you would have the confidence to leave both of the above comments under your own name.
Prashant
I agree with Prashant completely – the key issue here is freedom of speech – especially when Shamnad’s clear aim in writing the post was performing his duty as an academic – critiquing not just laws and policies but also legal strategies and legal opinions that have an impact on the public. As I see it, a critique is an honest opinion supported by facts and arguments and according to wiki “is an accepted and established process of orderly scholarly and public debate.” Surely NATCO has benefited from Shamnad’s positive critique in the past… so now it should also be open to learning from the negative critique. Again, it must be underscored that Shamnad was giving his comments not on NATCO as a company, but primarily on its STRATEGY. If every academic now has to live in fear of being sued for doing his/her job, we might as well declare India to be no more a democratic country!
I enjoyed reading this post. I noted some funny things like
NATCO states in its plaint at para 3 that “The said blog is widely read by those in the industry in India and abroad, professionals and a substantial portion of the public”. Once again, in para 13, NATCO states “The blog spicyip.com is read by a large number of people in the media, people of the industry and the professionals in the industry. The comments and remarks made on the blog have a deep impact on the reputation and image of the Plaintiff in the eyes of the public.”
So what the plaintiff is doing….promoting SpicyIP or….. anyway the grievance not justified contrary to Constitutional rights and the practices in other courts round the globe.